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Authors
Hairurahman, Hairurahman
Perdana, Arif
Wijaya, Derry
Arifin, Saru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-0110
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Monash University
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants, personal data, or any form of experimentation on human subjects. All analyses were conducted using publicly available or secondary data sources, and no ethical approval was required in accordance with institutional and journal guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
