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Authors
Elmahjub, Ezieddin
Qadir, Junaid
Mushtaq, Abdullah
Naeem, Rafay
Ghaznavi, Ibrahim
Iqbal, Waleed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bond University Limited
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Article History
Received: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 17 September 2026
Declarations
Ethical standard: This study did not involve human participants as research subjects, animal subjects, or plant subjects. Data annotation was performed by members of the research team as part of the benchmark development process. Accordingly, institutional ethics approval and informed consent were not required.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
