Yang, Jia
Zhang, Wenmin
Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Revised: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This study utilized publicly available, anonymized secondary data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). The original CGSS data collection process obtained ethical approval, ethics committee approval was not required for this analysis.