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Authors
Omojola, Oluwadamilola A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-6999
Osborne, Cristina A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9996-1089
Bountogo, Mamadou https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-1617
Inghels, Maxime https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-2054
Harling, Guy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-491X
Sie, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-2520
Palmer, Dina Goodman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-4603
Bärnighausen, Till https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-4212
Davies, Justine I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6834-1838
Hirschhorn, Lisa R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-7437
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (201433/Z/16/Z, 210479/Z/18/Z)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2024
Revised: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: We have no known conflicts of interest to disclose.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health, Burkina Faso (2018-5-053) and University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK) (ERN_21-0867). Oral assent was sought from all village elders. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and a literate witness assisted in cases of illiteracy.
