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Authors
Özer Özlü, Nazife Gamze https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1144-2472
Vural, Fatma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-2584
Cenan, Deniz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-1068
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dokuz Eylül University
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2025
Revised: 27 December 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Permission was obtained from the non-interventional research ethics committee of a university (Ethics Committee Decision Number: 2023/39–08, Date: 06.12.2023, Protocol Number: 8390-GOA). Additionally, written approval was received from the department of general surgery of the same institution, where the research was conducted (Approval Number: E-56797079–000-808194-, Date: 28.11.2023). In the research conducted in accordance with the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki, after the purpose of the research was explained to the families in detail, their permission was obtained on a voluntary basis with an “informed consent form.”
