Cheng, Qingle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-9828
Zhao, Hongyu
Meng, Xiangchi
Xie, Linlin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-5271
Tian, Yuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52308478)
Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration (2024D03)
Cultivation project Funds for Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (X25023)
Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The author has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.