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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 24 June 2026

First Online: 27 August 2026

Declarations

Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: All procedures involving animals complied with the European Community Council Directive of 24 November 1986, and ethical approval was granted by the Yeditepe University Ethics Committee (No. 11/03/2019, Istanbul, Turkiye).

Supporting Information: S1 Fig. Assessment of hemolysis across age and dietary groups . Per-sample hemolysis was estimated from the microarray data using the ratio of the erythrocyte-enriched miR-451a to the hemolysis-insensitive reference miR-23a-3p, expressed as the log2 difference of the two probes (log2 miR-451a − miR-23a-3p). Higher values indicate greater red-blood-cell contribution. As this metric is derived from array intensities rather than qPCR Cq values, it was used for relative comparison between groups rather than against the absolute cut-offs defined for quantitative PCR. Box plots show the median and interquartile range, with individual mice overlaid as points. A) Hemolysis score across diet groups (AL, CCR, ICRR, ICRRF) at week 49 (adult). B) Hemolysis score across diet groups at week 81 (old). C) Hemolysis score across age in AL-fed mice (weeks 10, 49, and 81).

S1 File. Applied Biosystems GeneChip 4.1 microarray annotation file including the probe IDs.: S2 File. Differential expression analysis results of the miRNAs across the all specific age- and diet-related group comparisons. Columns indicate the log fold-change (logFC), average expression (AveExpr), p-value, and multiple test corrected adjusted p-values of each miRNA. S3 File. Breast cancer-associated miRNAs among the age- or diet-responsive miRNAs in the current study. Columns indicate the corresponding reference database and Pubmed ID.