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Authors
Din, Shahab Ud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-239X
Hong, Sungwon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-2464
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021R1C1C2004162, NRF-2021R1C1C2004162)
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Revised: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 21 September 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors state that they have no known financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this article.
: This study adhered to standard ethical research practices in the collection and handling of data. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to administering the questionnaire. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed that their responses would be kept confidential and used solely for academic purposes. Although participants’ names were collected (e.g., for verification or follow-up purposes), this information was not disclosed and was kept strictly confidential. While the study did not require formal ethical approval, it followed established ethical guidelines for research involving human participants, particularly regarding informed consent, voluntary participation, and data confidentiality.
