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Authors
Akuaka, George Obinna
Haris, Hazzeman
Zarkasi, Kamarul Zaman
Furusawa, Go
Lau, Nyok-Sean
Madukpe, Vine Nwabuisi
Hamid, Baderul Amin Abdul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 20 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests or financial affiliations relevant to the content of this article to declare.
: This declaration is not applicable, as this study does not involve human images, human data, or the use of animals.
