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Authors
Bukhari, Syeda Sana
Khan, Aleena
Khansa,
Ullah, Hammas
Ansari, Shahab U.
Jafry, Ali Turab
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Erasmus+ (101129191)
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (TDF04-167)
Directorate of Science and Technology (DGST25-1245)
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The blood samples used in this study were leftover specimens obtained from the Medical Center of GIK Institute after routine clinical testing. No additional blood was drawn specifically for this research. All samples were fully anonymized prior to analysis, and no personally identifiable information was accessible to the researchers. The use of anonymized leftover clinical samples complied with the institutional policies of the GIK Medical Center and did not require individual informed consent or formal IRB approval.
