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Authors
Feng, Yang
Zhai, Guanghui
Wang, Qianwen
Ling, Xin
Wu, Xia
Liu, Fang
Jiang, Yunpeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Project (TJJX21-013)
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Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 10 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: All participants consented to the publication of their anonymized data.
: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Normal University (Ethical approval number: 2025031301).
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT and Grammarly to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
