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Article History

Received: 20 August 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: L.V.V. is a founding advisor and shareholder of Exai Bio and is a part-time employee and owns stock in Agendia. H.R. reports institutional research support from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, F. Hofmann-La Roche AG/Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Lilly, Merck & Co., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer, Stemline Therapeutics, OBI Pharma, Ambrx, and Greenwich Pharma and has advisory and consulting roles with Chugai, Puma, Sanofi Napo, and Mylan. OIO has financial relationships with CancerIQ, 54gene, HealthWell Solutions, and Tempus as well as research funding from Ayala Pharmaceuticals, Cepheid, Color Genomics, Novartis and Genentech. N.H. reports institutional research funding from NIH. V.B. receives funding to their institution for clinical trials: AstraZeneca, Gilead SeaGen/Pfizer Olema; consulting fees paid for running ad boards moderating lectures speaking/presenting fees: AstraZeneca SeaGen/Pfizer Olema Gilead; travel support for presenting: Olema. S.F. is a consultant for: Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Varian, ViewRay, Elekta, Janssen, Regeneron, GlaxoSmithKline, Eisai, Astra Zeneca, MedImmune, Merck US, Boehringer Ingelheim, EMD Serono/Merck, Genentech/ROCHE, Nanobiotix, Telix, EmBioSys. She has received grant/Research support from Bristol Myers Squibb, Varian, Regeneron, Merck, Celldex, Arcus, DoD—BCRP (#BC180476, #BC180595, BC201085P3), NIH U54 CA 27429. L.P. has received consulting fees and honoraria for advisory board participation from Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Stemline-Menarini, BeiGene, Personalis, Natera, Agendia, Exact Sciences, Radionetics, and institutional research funding from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb. Stock options in Ataraxis. DY reports research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim and Fusion Pharmaceuticals; and is a consultant for Martell Diagnostics. JG is an executive employee of Dana Faber Cancer Institute; participation on Fiduciary Board at American Association for Cancer Research; and participation on the Scientific Advisory Board at The James P. Wilmot Foundation, Inc. and Earli Inc. LE reports funding from Merck & Co.; participation on an advisory board for Blue Cross Blue Shield; and personal fees from UpToDate; unpaid board member of QLHC.