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Authors
Mayer, Erica L.
Collin, Simon M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-1681
Hillman, Sam
Berrocal-Almanza, Luis C.
Sparano, Joseph
Lam, Clara
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AstraZeneca
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2026
Accepted: 30 June 2026
First Online: 20 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: All study data were fully compliant with US patient confidentiality requirements, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. The study used only de-identified patient records and therefore was exempted from Institutional Review Board approval.
Consent to participate: Patient consent was not required as this was not an interventional study, and routinely collected, anonymized data were used.
Consent for publication: Patient consent was not required as this was not an interventional study, and routinely collected, anonymized data were used.
Competing interests: Erica L. Mayer declares consulting fees from Aktis, AstraZeneca, Genentech, Lilly, and Novartis. Simon M. Collin, Sam Hillman, Luis C. Berrocal-Almanza, and Clara Lam are full-time employees of AstraZeneca. Simon M. Collin, Luis C. Berrocal-Almanza, and Clara Lam declare ownership of AstraZeneca stock or stock options. Joseph Sparano declares consulting or advisory fees from AstraZeneca, General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT), Genentech/Roche, Lyell Immunopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and Seagen, and research funding to their institution from Olema Pharmaceuticals.
