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Article History

Received: 24 January 2025

Accepted: 8 July 2025

First Online: 23 July 2025

Declarations

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: The authors declare no financial, personal, or other relationships that could influence the work presented in this study. Participants were recruited via Prolific, following their data privacy policy. The study was conducted online, fully anonymous, and all data were securely stored on a protected server with no sensitive information disclosed to any third party. Participants were informed they were participating in an experiment, did not make any real decisions, and were not subjected to any experimental manipulations or changes in their emotional or psychological states during the study. According to the ethical code of the Poznań University of Economics, research that does not alter participants’ states during the study or involve real decision-making does not require approval from the university’s ethics board. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.