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Authors
Sarfraz, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7872-1989
Degbey, William Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9027-3819
Sufyan, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-4632
Kundi, Yasir Mansoor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-2751
Laker, Benjamin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Vaasa
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
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: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All data collection procedures undertaken in this research involving human participants were in accordance with the Ethical Standards of the School of Business Studies, Institute of Business Administration (IBA) Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
: Participants were informed about the study’s objectives and data usage, and then asked to participate in the survey with their free consent.
