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Association between dietary intake and urinary concentrations of caffeine and caffeine metabolites and elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) among men at risk for prostate cancer

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-02015-1

Published Online: 2025-07-02

Published Print: 2025-11

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wu, Hongke

Wang, Ming

McDonald, Alicia C.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

None
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-02

Version of Record valid from 2025-07-02
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Article History

Received: 17 February 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2025

First Online: 2 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Alicia C. McDonald is a full-time employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.

: This is an observational study. This study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All data were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board.

: Informed consent was obtained from all study participants to participate in NHANES.

: Human research participants provided informed consent for publication.

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