Zhu, Lin
Li, Xinrui
Liu, Elaine Zhiqing
Siu, Philip T.
Zhai, Shumenghui
Pan, Chun
Cao, Nikki
Ma, Grace X.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cancer Institute (R03CA259633)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Accepted: 12 October 2025
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: We did not require ethical approval for this study since the NIS-Teen data is publicly available and fully anonymized. However, ethical approval for the NIS-Teen was provided by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board.