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Authors
Marcus Post, Lydia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3748-5921
Cho, Young Ik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-0934
Topitzes, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-650X
Do, DPhuong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-1855
Pathak, Dorothy R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-3985
Hamilton, Ann S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-2308
Nuru-Jeter, Amani M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-1026
Hirko, Kelly A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-655X
Kwarteng, Jamila L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-4931
Houang, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-2275
Schwartz, Ann G.
Velie, Ellen M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-9715
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (UWM), Milwaukee, WI (and the Medical College of Wisconsin deferred to UWM); Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI; Wayne State University (WSU), Detroit, MI; the Michigan Department of Community Health, MI; the University of Southern California (USC) Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; the California Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects, CA; and the California Cancer Registry. All study procedures were consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the YWHHS.
: Not applicable.
