Kumar, Anita M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-996X
Miller, Carrie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-7618
Han, Reyna
Barsell, D. Jeremy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-9176
Boyle, Joseph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-5584
Fuemmeler, Bernard F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-0107
Article History
Received: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Ethical approval and consent to participate: This research was deemed exempt from institutional review board (IRB) approval at Virginia Commonwealth University in accordance with federal guidelines (45 CFR 46.104). All participants in the original HINTS-SEER survey provided written informed consent prior to participation, and data were collected under protocols approved by the National Cancer Institute.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.