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Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 15 August 2025

First Online: 3 September 2025

Declarations

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: Dr. Bartkowiak reports research grant from Novartis foundation. Dr Franzone reports speaker fees from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Pilgrim reports research, travel or educational grants to the institution without personal remuneration from Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic and ATSens; speaker fees and consultancy fees to the institution from Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott, Medtronic, Biosensors, and Highlife; and has received personal fees from Biotronik, Medtronic, Abbott, Edwards Lifesciences, and HighLife SAS. Dr Windecker has received research and educational grants to the institution from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Bayer, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Cardinal Health, CardioValve, CSL Behring, Daiichi-Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Guerbet, InfraRedx, Johnson & Johnson, Medicure, Medtronic, Novartis, Polares, OrPha Suisse, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sinomed, Terumo, and V-Wave; has served as an unpaid advisory board member and/or unpaid member of the steering/executive group of trials funded by Abbott, Abiomed, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boston Scientific, Biotronik, Cardiovalve, Edwards Lifesciences, Med Alliance, Medtronic, Novartis, Polares, Sinomed, V-Wave, and Xeltis but has not received personal payments by pharmaceutical companies or device manufacturers; and has been a member of the steering/executive committee group of several investigator-initiated trials that receive funding by industry without impact on his personal remuneration. Dr. Gräni received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation, InnoSuisse, Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Bern, GAMBIT foundation, Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research, Swiss Heart Foundation, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Gräni serves as Editor-in-Chief of The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, Springer. Dr Kodali reports institutional research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, and JenaValve; he is a consultant to Admedus, TriCares, TriFlo, X-Dot, MicroInterventional Devices, Supira, Adona, Tioga, Helix Valve Repair, and Moray Medical and serves on advisory boards for Dura Biotech, Thubrikar Aortic Valve Inc., Phillips, Medtronic, and Boston Scientific. Dr Hahn reports speaker fees from Abbott Structural, Baylis Medical, Edwards Lifesciences, and Philips Healthcare; she has institutional consulting contracts for which she receives no direct compensation with Abbott Structural, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Novartis; she is Chief Scientific Officer for the Echocardiography Core Laboratory at the Cardiovascular Research Foundation for multiple industry-sponsored tricuspid valve trials, for which she receives no direct industry compensation. Dr. Praz has received travel expenses from Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Vascular, Polares Medical, and Medira. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this article to disclose.