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Authors
Riedl, Katharina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-0051
Koliopanos, Georgios https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-6178
Albrecht, Jan N.
Cavus, Ersin
Wenzel, Jan-Per
Sinn, Martin
Schoennagel, Bjoern P.
Lund, Gunnar K.
Adam, Gerhard
Kirchhof, Paulus
Blankenberg, Stefan
Ziegler, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-5397
Muellerleile, Kai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Accepted: 27 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: PK received research support for basic, translational, and clinical research projects from European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation, and has received honoraria from several such companies in the past, but not in the last five years. PK is listed as inventor on two issued patents held by University of Hamburg (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). AZ is listed as co-inventor of an international patent on the use of a computing device to estimate the probability of myocardial infarction (International Publication Number WO2022043229A1), and is scientific director and CEO of Cardio-CARE, a program by the Kühne Foundation and shareholder of the ART-EMIS Hamburg GmbH. BPS is co-founder and stake-holder of northh Medical GmbH. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The local ethics committee of the Landesaerztekammer Hamburg (State of Hamburg Chamber of Medical Practitioners, PV5131) did not have objections against the conduct of the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS). The study has been registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03934957).
: All participants provided written informed consent.
