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Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Accepted: 26 October 2025

First Online: 7 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Doctors Giovannucci, Shanbhag, Hong, Yong, Pang, Heanue, Maung Tsigaridis, Sultani, Kaleeny, Han, Nerlekar, and Lin have no financial interests. Dr Slomka has received research grant support from Siemens, participates in software royalties for QPS software at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and has received consulting fees from Synektik. Professor Nicholls has received grant/research support from AstraZeneca, New Amsterdam Pharma, Amgen, Anthera, Cyclarity, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Novartis, Cerenis, The Medicines Company, Resverlogix, InfraReDx, Roche, Sanofi-Regeneron, and LipoScience. Professor Nicholls was a consultant for Abcentra, AstraZeneca, Amarin, Akcea, Eli Lilly, Anthera, Omthera, Merck, Takeda, Resverlogix, Sanofi-Regeneron, CSL Behring, Esperion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Silence Therapeutics, CSL Seqirus and Vaxxinity. Dr Berman participates in software royalties for QPS software at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and is a consultant for GE Healthcare (GE pharmaceutical development). Dr Robert Miller has received consulting fees and research support from Pfizer.Dr Williams is supported by the British Heart Foundation (FC/ICRF/20/26002) and has given talks for Canon Medical Systems and Siemens Healthineers. Dr Dey has received grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA (1R01HL148787–01A1 and R01HL151266).

: Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Monash Health. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.