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Authors
Stark, Anselm W.
Mokhtari, Ali
Kakizaki, Ryota
Bigler, Marius R.
Ilic, Marc
Ashraf, Afreed
Stoyanov, Kiril
Ryffel, Christoph
Räber, Lorenz
Shiri, Isaac
Gräni, Christoph
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Bern
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 16 September 2026
Declarations
Human Ethics and Consent to Participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the local ethics committee (Kantonale Ethikkommission Bern, KEK 2020-00841). All participants provided written informed consent. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04475289).
Conflict of interest: Dr. Gräni received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation, InnoSuisse, Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine University Bern, GAMBIT foundation, Schmieder - Bohrisch foundation, Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research, Swiss Heart Foundation, outside of the submitted work. Dr. Gräni serves as Editor-in-Chief of The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, Springer. Dr. Räber received funding to the institution from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Biotronik, Infraredx, Sanofi, and Regeneron and consultation/speaker fees by Abbott, Amgen, Boston Scientific, Biotronik, Gentuity, Novo Nordic, Medtronic, and Occlutech. Dr. Kakizaki received consulting fee from Infraredx USA. Dr. Bigler received a grant from the Bangerter-Rhyner-Foundation outside of the submitted work. All other authors have nothing to declare.
