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Authors
Yen, Ting-Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-0521
Chou, Po-Ching
Tsai, Chia-Ti
Chen, Yi-Ling
Chen, Chieh-Yu
Chien, Yi-Fan
Ko, Wen-Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-832X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cathay General Hospital (CGH-MR-A11426)
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 14 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Cathay General Hospital (approval number: CGH-IACUC-113-019). This study adheres to internationally accepted standards for animal research, following the 3Rs principle. The ARRIVE guidelines and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition, National Research Council) were employed for reporting experiments involving live animals, promoting ethical research practices.
Patient consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
