Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52102278)
Shandong Province Transportation Science and Technology Innovation Program Project in 2023 (2023B05-03, 2023B05-03)
the 2025 Postgraduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Jiaotong University (2025YK042)
the 2023 Postgraduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Jiaotong University (2023YK012)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 18 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study does not involve any human participants or animal experiments.
: All authors have read and agreed to submit the final version of this manuscript and have decided to publish it in Catalysis Letters.