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Article History

Received: 18 September 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 1 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. And the results/data/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere, nor are they under consideration (from you or one of your Contributing Authors) by another publisher.

: The corresponding author confirms that they have read the journal’s policies and that this manuscript is being submitted in accordance with those policies. All authors have reviewed the manuscript and agree to its publication in Catalysis Letters.