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Authors
Zheng, Zehang
Li, Shan
Huang, Zhekai
Qin, Lixia
Zhang, Taiyang
Kang, Shi-Zhao
Li, Xiangqing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 21771125, 22309112, and 21305092)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The need for ethical approval was waived by the Shanghai Institute of Technology Institutional Review Board as the research involved no more than minimal risk to participants.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the publication of the data and any accompanying images, recordings, or case details. Participants were explicitly informed that their data, including potentially identifiable information, would be made publicly available in the journal article. They were assured that they could withdraw this consent at any time prior to the manuscript’s final acceptance without any detriment.
