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Article History

Received: 20 September 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.

: The authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.

: In terms of technological applicability, this work demonstrates a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3–4, representing the successful experimental proof-of-concept and validation in a laboratory environment. While the results are highly promising, scaling this process to an industrial level requires addressing several challenges. Future work will focus on (1) conducting continuous, longer-duration pyrolysis experiments to assess catalyst stability, regeneration protocols, and deactivation rates; (2) performing techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment to evaluate the economic viability and environmental footprint of the process; and (3) testing the catalytic pyrolysis with real-world, mixed plastic waste feedstocks to understand the impact of contaminants and varying polymer compositions.