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Authors
Li, Yubao
Yang, Hongliang
Liu, Lu
Jiang, Lulu
Xie, Peilin
Wang, Xiaoling
Cong, Xuhui
Zhu, Ruilou
Lu, Zhongyuan
Sun, Mingyang
Zhang, Jiaqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271288, 82271288)
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Article History
Received: 13 February 2025
Accepted: 30 May 2025
First Online: 14 June 2025
Declarations
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: This work is a synthesis of previously published literature and does not involve any original research involving human participants or animals conducted by the authors. All referenced studies received appropriate ethical approvals as documented in their respective publications.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: To illustrate the mechanisms of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity, all pathway diagrams and synaptic models presented in this review were created using BioRender and manually curated from previously published peer-reviewed literature. No new experimental or clinical data were generated or analyzed for this work.
