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Authors
Gomes, Sara
Granja, Sara
Osório, Luana A.
Mackay, Ruth E.
Baltazar, Fátima
Silva, Elisabete
Preto, Ana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COVID/BD/152995/2022)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/QUIQIN/28662/2017,)
Universidade do Minho
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: Both the European Parliament and the Portuguese law on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes do not contain any kind of restriction to the use of non-mammal embryos. Though, standard operating procedures were followed to minimize any possible suffering by the chicken embryos used for the CAM assays.
: All authors consent to the publication of the manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
