Zhan, Na
Wang, Yufeng
Liang, Ru
Wu, Yousen
Huang, Ting
Ling, Yuquan
Chen, Xinbei
Deng, Jiacheng
Zhou, LiFen
Luo, Kangni
Cai, Yilin
Tu, Yong-sheng
Qu, Lihui
Li, Jianhua
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2023A1515012419)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515012145)
the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou (No.202102080324)
Guangzhou Medical University Discipline Construction Funds (No. JCXKJS2022A11)
Guangzhou Medical University National College Student Innovation Ability Improvement Program (S202410570079)
Article History
Received: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 29 March 2026
Declarations
:
: All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Laboratory Animal Center of Guangzhou Medical University (GY2022-103).Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lung tissues were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The COPD group ( n = 3) included adults aged 56–77 years with GOLD 1–2; the control group ( n = 3) included adults aged 50–73 years with normal lung function. The use of human samples was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (ES-2024–030-02), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.