Article History
Accepted: 12 April 2021
First Online: 22 April 2021
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The data utilized in this publication were made available by the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect, Cornell University, Ithaca NY; and have been used by permission. Data from the study were originally collected by the U.S. Children’s Bureau. The data from the Substantiation of Child Abuse And Neglect Reports Project were originally collected by John Doris and John Eckenrode. Funding support for preparing the data for public distribution was provided by a contract (90-CA-1370) between the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect and Cornell University. Neither the collector of the original data, the funder, the Archive, Cornell University, or its agents or employees bear any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here. Newspaper reports were compiled in accordance with ethical standards in research.
: The authors were not personally involved in an informed consent process. The Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) is a federally mandated data collection system that receives case-level information on all children in foster care and those who have been adopted with a state agency’s involvement and report this data to the Department of Health and Human Services/Administration for Children and Families/Administration on Children Youth and Families/Children’s Bureau. From the Children’s Bureau, the data collected by AFCARS is submitted to the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect at Cornell University for distribution to qualified users. The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) is a federally sponsored effort that annually collects and analyzes data on child abuse and neglect known to child protective services (CPS) agencies in the United States. The mandate for NCANDS is based on the 1988 amendments to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) which directed the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to create a national data collection and analysis program for state-level child abuse and neglect information. Subsequent amendments to CAPTA have led to new data collection requirements, many of which are incorporated into NCANDS. NCANDS data files are archived with the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect at Cornell University and available to researchers who are interested in using these data for statistical analyses and are approved to use the data. Newspaper articles were compiled in compliance with research ethics standards.