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Article History

Received: 4 May 2025

Accepted: 16 August 2025

First Online: 5 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the A university of Korea (1044396-202308-HR-142-01).

: All participants were informed about the purpose and procedure of the study prior to data collection, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Prior to participation, all individuals were provided with a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before interviews were conducted. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing full details of the study and ensuring their understanding of voluntary participation and confidentiality. This procedure was approved by the institutional ethics board.

: This study involved human participants and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.