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Authors
Whitehouse, Daniel P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0216-1866
Needham, Edward J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-7462
Bernstock, Joshua D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-3867
Gaude, Edoardo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-7792
Barrett, Liam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-3233
Ebrahimi, Soraya
Menon, David K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-9692
Newcombe, Virginia F. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-9035
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Article History
Received: 25 February 2025
Accepted: 5 July 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Declarations
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: Upfront DX LVOne GFAP lateral flow assays were provided free of charge by the manufacturer (Upfront diagnostics). There was no financial incentive, or links, between DPW, LB, EN or VN and the manufacturers. J.D.B. holds an equity position in Treovir LLC. J.D.B. serves as the Chief Medical Officer of Upfront Diagnostics and is on the Centile Bio, and NeuroX1 Boards of Scientific Advisors. EG serves as the Chief Scientific Officer of Upfront diagnostics. EG is the author of patent number WO2021209732A1. EG and J.D.B. have positions and equity in Pockit Diagnostics Ltd. Neither EG nor J.D.B were involved in the testing of the device, or the analysis of results. DK Menon reports grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from GlaxoSmithKline Ltd.; grants, personal fees, and other from NeuroTrauma Sciences; grants and personal fees from Integra Life Sciences; personal fees from Pfizer Ltd.; grants and personal fees from Lantmannen AB; from Calico Ltd.; personal fees from Pressura Neuro Ltd.; and others from Cortirio Ltd., outside the submitted work. VN holds investigator led grants with Abbott and Roche Pharmaceuticals; both are unrelated to the work presented here.
