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Authors
Sasaki, Yoshinori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-4355
Usami, Masahide
Hakosima, Yuki
Inazaki, Kumi
Mizumoto, Yuki
Ito, Masaya
Mikami, Katsunaka
Tsujii, Noa
Okada, Takayuki
Takahashi, Hidehiko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NCGM Intramural Research Fund (24A1014)
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Article History
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM-G-003042–07, NCGM-S-004487–01; Tokyo, Japan) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its future amendments. Written or verbal informed consent was not obtained as the study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects of Japan. The guidelines state that it is not always necessary to obtain informed consent. However, researchers must publish information regarding the study’s implementation, including the purpose, for observational studies that utilize only past clinical records and non-human tissue samples. The study’s purpose, methods, and analyses and details on how to refuse participation were posted in the hospital’s outpatient clinic and on the homepage ().
