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Authors
Wang, Shaojie
Wu, Nini
Luo, Dongli
He, Ziqi
Huang, Yinjian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Educational Psychology Research Team of Guandong University of Education (2024KYCXTD009, 2024KYCXTD009)
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
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: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: Review and approval for the study procedures were obtained from the university institutional review board prior to study onset. Before answering the scale, participants received an information sheet that assured them that the data obtained would be handled confidentially and anonymously, and they were asked to give informed consent.
: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used CHATGPT in order to grammar-checking. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
