Liu, Xun https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4720-1231
Kaida, Naoko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-2084
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20K12278, 23K28288)
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 7 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The survey protocol received approval from the Research Ethics Board of the Institute of Systems and Information Engineering at the University of Tsukuba, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.