Mandonnet, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-0281
Jézéquel, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3126
D’Andrea, F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-3168
Vallet, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-0098
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 7 June 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Change Date: 11 July 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original article has been updated. Equations 1 and 2 were incorrectly formatted and have now been adjusted for clarity. Figures 2 and 3 have been republished in their final versions.
Change Date: 3 August 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-026-04251-z
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal participants performed by any of the authors.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.