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Authors
Gifford, Lauren https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-4684
Nawaz, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1453
Morgan, Margaret https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4090-3401
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Environmental Defense Fund (Environmental Defense Fund)
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 19 July 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of American University at which the studies were conducted and ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board protocol #: IRB-2025-4.
Consent for publication: Participation in both the survey and interviews was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection — electronically for the survey and via a consent form for the interviews. All responses were kept confidential, and identifying information was removed or anonymized during transcription and analysis to protect participants’ privacy. A blank version is available in supplemental materials (left blank for participant anonymity purposes).
Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
