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Article History

Received: 13 December 2025

Accepted: 20 April 2026

First Online: 27 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University Shougang Hospital (Approval No.: IRB-AF-37—03—2). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (or their parents/legal guardians in the case of minors [under the age of 16]) prior to treatment.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (or their parents/legal guardians for those under 16) for the publication of their personal or clinical details and any identifying images included in this study.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests as defined by the journal, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.