Hussain, Muhammad Ishfaq
Van Linh, Ma
Naz, Zubia
Fatima, Unse
Ko, Yeongmin
Jeon, Moongu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Revised: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no competing interests. Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants, human data, or animals. It utilized one private dataset collected without human or animal involvement, as well as publicly available open-source datasets; therefore, no ethics approval was required.