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Authors
Chun, Liu
Mao, Haoran
Wang, Jiakun
Shangguan, Jiaen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qingdao Social Science Planning and Research Project (QDSKL2501039)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024MG049)
Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project (25CSZJ22)
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this study.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
