Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Vanier CGS, 2016-06459, 2019-04388)
Canada Foundation for Innovation (25046)
Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2014-564)
Article History
Received: 12 April 2023
Accepted: 18 July 2023
First Online: 1 August 2023
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All sampling, parasitology work, and genotyping was carried out under University of Saskatchewan Animal Care Protocol 20090032, University of Calgary Animal Care Protocol AC18-0078, and research permits granted by Parks Canada (SINP-2017-24036 and SINP-2021-38998). Researchers had express permission to enter Sable Island National Park Reserve to observe horses and collect samples in accordance with the Parks Canada wildlife interaction guidelines, the Canada Shipping Act and granted research permits. This study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.