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Article History

Received: 23 February 2026

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Aydın Adnan Menderes University (Protocol No: 2021/240, Date: 22 March 2021). Written permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Aydın Provincial Health Directorate (Document No: E-44021967-605.01), and data were collected between June 2021 and November 2022. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment (see Section 3.2 for details). Verbal and written consent was obtained from all participants in the intervention group before the start of the online cognitive behavioral therapy sessions regarding the recording of interviews.

: Not applicable.

: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12625001445460, retrospectively registered on 19 December 2025.