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Authors
van Deuren, Sjoukje https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2077-3687
Blokland, Arjan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0366-2205
van Ruitenburg, Teun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-1088
van der Leest, Wouter
Roks, Robby https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-7658
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research and Data Centre (Research and Data Centre (Ministry of Justice and Security))
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics Approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Advisory Board (CERCO) of the Faculty of Law (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam).
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
