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Authors
She, Siying
Li, Hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation (22GLB031)
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Article History
Accepted: 27 June 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Human and animal rights and informed consent
: This study involves human participants. The experiment performed in the study was conducted in strict accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to the formal experiment, informed consent was obtained from participants via an online platform, where the objective and anonymity of the study were clearly communicated. This research complies with Article 32 of the “Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans” issued by the People’s Republic of China on February 18, 2023, which states: “Research using anonymized data that does not harm humans, involve sensitive personal information, or commercial interests is exempt from ethical review.”
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
