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Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and regulations. All human cell lines used in the experiments were obtained from authenticated commercial sources and were used in compliance with institutional ethical standards. No primary human tissue samples were involved in this study. Cell line-based research does not require approval from an ethics committee, as per the guidelines for in vitro studies. All experiments involving the use of cell lines were performed in accordance with the principles of good laboratory practice. Cancer sample-based data obtained from publicly available databases and were analyzed in compliance with their respective usage terms.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.