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Article History

Received: 30 January 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2025

First Online: 27 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors disclose the following Conflicts of Interests: S.S. has rights to an inventor portion of the licensing revenue from the PREMM5 model, receives research funding from Biological Dynamics, Inc., and is a consultant/advisor for Natera, Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline; A.M. receives royalties from Cosmos Wisdom Biotech for a license related to a pancreatic cancer early detection test. He is also listed as an inventor on a patent licensed to Thrive Earlier Detection Ltd (an Exact Sciences Company) and serves as a consultant for Freenome and Tezcat Biotechnology. A.R. is an employee of the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, which has been supported with donations from AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Center For Info & Study on Clinical Research Participation, Elevation Oncology, Eli Lilly, Exelixis, FibroGen, Galera Therapeutics, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, GRAIL, Interpace Diagnostics, Immunovia, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, LabCorp, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Natera Oncology, Nestle Health Science, Novartis, Novocure, Pfizer, PhRMA, RenovoRX, Revolution Medicines, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Tempus Health, and Viewray. All other authors do not have any conflicts of interest to disclose.

: This study was approved by the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Institutional Review Board (protocol number 21–209). Individual participant data will not be shared.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals who participated in this study.