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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 28 September 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Declarations

:

: AK is co-founder shareholder of AJM Med-i-caps Ltd and consultant for Jinshan Science & Technology Ltd. GK reports no COI.

: AK received research support in the form of grants from Given Imaging Ltd under the auspices of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), and from IntroMedic (also noted as SynMed/Intromedic), and has served as a consultant for Jinshan Ltd, with consultancy fees from Jinshan and lecture honoraria from Covidien/Medtronic. He hass also been co-founder and director of iCERV Ltd. Additionally, he has benefited from lecture honoraria and educational travel support from a range of entities including Jinshan, Dr Falk Pharma UK, Ferring, Aquilant, and Almirall, and has participated in advisory board activities for companies such as Tillots, Ankon, and Dr Falk Pharma UK. GK has no relevant disclosures.

: Artificial intelligence tools (ChatGPT5, OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) were used solely to assist with language editing and style refinement during manuscript preparation. No AI-generated data, or figures were included. All scientific content, interpretations, and conclusions were developed, verified, and approved entirely by the authors.