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Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 20 November 2025

Declarations

:

: YM has received consultant fee from Takeda. D. Choi has served on the speaker bureau for Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Abbvie, Eli Lilly; and has served as a consultant to Bristol Myers Squibb, and Boehringer Ingelheim, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer. AIA has nothing to disclose. AP has nothing to disclose RDC serves on the speakers bureau for Abbvie and has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Bausch Health, BMS, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, and Takeda. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Abivax SA, Altrubio, Athos Therapeutics, Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Connect BioPharma, Eli Lilly & Co., Genentech (Roche) Inc., Iterative Health, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Mirador, Odyssey Therapeutics, Pfizer, Sanofi, Spyre, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Vedanta Biosciences, and Ventyx. Board of Directors: Cornerstones Health (non-profit), iUSCAN (non-profit).

: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards, with approval from the Institutional Review Board at the University of Chicago.